Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2015 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 6 Articles
Noonan syndrome (NS) was described by Noonan and Ehmke as a multi-system disorder, which is typically evident at birth. The incidence of this syndrome is estimated to be one per 1000 to one per 2500 and affects both genders. While the clinical manifestations of Noonan syndrome have been well documented, the oral manifestations have not been extensively discussed. The purpose of the present study is to a) review the physical manifestations of Noonan syndrome reported in the literature andb) describing one case report of female of Noonan syndrome, who was presented with short stature, hypo plastic uterus problems along with various problems like shielded chest, no development secondary sexual characters and reduced hormone levels. Based on this case study we concluded that many physical anomalies may have possible relationships with Noonan syndrome and also the patient has pineal gland epidermoid cyst which led to disturbances in the circadian rhythms of the patient, it’s rare complication, which require multidisciplinary treatment planning and timely management. The importance of physical findings in Noonan syndrome has largely gone unnoticed and it is essential to consider physical manifestations as scoring criteria in the diagnosis of Noonan syndrome....
Brain metastases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality, afflicting approximately 200,000 Americans annually. The\nprognosis for these patients is poor, with median survivals typically measured in months. In this review article, we present the\nstandard treatment approaches with whole brain radiation and as well as novel approaches in the prevention of neurocognitive\ndeficits....
Stroke is defined as a focal neurological deficit of sudden onset due to a non-traumatic vascular lesion. Objective of this study is to study the prevalence of ischaemic versus haemorrhagic stroke in posterior circulatory stroke. To study the various risk factors in posterior circulatory stroke. To study the prognosis of patients with posterior circulatory stroke using glasgow coma scale at the time of admission. It was a prospective study. 50 clinical and imaging confirmed cases of posterior circulation strokes admitted to Medicine and Neurology departments in GGH, Kakinada are included. The diagnosis is confirmed by MRI/CT/MRA brain. A detailed Study of Clinical profile of each patient is done based on pre-designed protocol. Outcome was studied with reference to Glasgow Coma Scale score at the time of admission. In this study group 36 were male and 14 were female patients. The male to female ratio of stroke was 2.57:1 and both ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes were more common in males. Stroke was more common in the middle aged and elderly. 70% of strokes are between age group of 51-70 years. The most frequent manifestation was motor dysfunction in 65.8% of ischaemic strokes and history of altered sensorium was 100% in haemorrhagic strokes. In ischaemic stroke the commonest risk factor was tobacco abuse (65.8%). But in the haemorrhagic strokes the commonest risk factors were hypertension (66.7%). GCS score showed an inverse relationship with the outcome. Patients with GCS score between 13-15 both in ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke showed good outcome and recovered. Majority of the patients had ischaemic strokes. In ischaemic stroke the commonest risk factor was tobacco abuse. In the haemorrhagic strokes the commonest risk factors were hypertension. Patients with GCS score between 13-15 both in ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke showed good outcome and recovered....
Although neurological ailments continue to be some of the main causes of disease burden in the world, current therapies such\nas pharmacological agents have limited potential in the restoration of neural functions. Cell therapies, firstly applied to treat\ndifferent hematological diseases, are now being investigated in preclinical and clinical studies for neurological illnesses. However,\nthe potential applications and mechanisms for such treatments are still poorly comprehended and are the focus of permanent\nresearch. In this setting, noninvasive in vivo imaging allows better understanding of several aspects of stem cell therapies. Amongst\nthe various methods available, radioisotope cell labeling has become one of the most promising since it permits tracking of cells\nafter injection by different routes to investigate their biodistribution. A significant increase in the number of studies utilizing this\nmethod has occurred in the last years. Here, we review the different radiopharmaceuticals, imaging techniques, and findings of the\npreclinical and clinical reports published up to now. Moreover, we discuss the limitations and future applications of radioisotope\ncell labeling in the field of cell transplantation for neurological diseases....
Neurological gait disorders are a common cause of falls, morbidity, and mortality, particularly amongst the elderly. Neurological\ngait and balance impairment has, however, proved notoriously difficult to treat. The following review discusses some of the\nfirst experiments to modulate gait and balance in healthy adults using anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) by\nstimulating both cerebral hemispheres simultaneously. We review and discuss published data using this novel tDCS approach, in\ncombination with physical therapy, to treat locomotor and balance disorders in patients with small vessel disease (leukoaraiosis)\nand Parkinson�s disease. Finally, we review the use of bihemispheric anodal tDCS to treat gait impairment in patients with stroke in\nthe subacute phase. The findings of these studies suggest that noninvasive electrical stimulation techniques may be a useful adjunct\nto physical therapy in patients with neurological gait disorders, but further mutlicentre randomized sham-controlled studies are\nneeded to evaluate whether experimental tDCS use can translate into mainstreamclinical practice for the treatment of neurological\ngait disorders....
A growing amount of research indicates that abnormalities in the gastrointestinal (GI) system during development might be a\ncommon factor inmultiple neurological disorders and might be responsible for some of the shared comorbidities seen among these\ndiseases. For example,many patients withAutism SpectrumDisorder (ASD) have symptoms associated with GI disorders.Maternal\nzinc status may be an important factor given the multifaceted effect of zinc on gut development and morphology in the offspring.\nZinc status influences and is influenced bymultiple factors and an interdependence of prenatal and early life stress, immune system\nabnormalities, impaired GI functions, and zinc deficiency can be hypothesized. In line with this, systemic inflammatory events\nand prenatal stress have been reported to increase the risk for ASD. Thus, here, we will review the current literature on the role\nof zinc in gut formation, a possible link between gut and brain development in ASD and other neurological disorders with shared\ncomorbidities, and tie in possible effects on the immune system. Based on these data, we present a novel model outlining how\nalterations in the maternal zinc status might pathologically impact the offspring leading to impairments in brain functions later in\nlife....
Loading....